How Management Information System Professionals Interact...

DISCIPLINE INVESTIGATION ASSIGNMENT INTRODUCTION The Discipline Investigation paper enables students to gain knowledge about the work they will be doing when they enter their careers, particularly how they will be using the language. I am very keen on writing this paper because it will help me to find out how Management Information System professionals interact in a company on daily basis. My audiences for this paper are my professor, classmates, and other faculty members on the LLD 100A portfolio group. A discourse community is a group of people who share the same interest, career, or other commonality. Since I am majoring in Business Administration and concentrating in Management Information Systems (MIS), I am excited to join the MIS discourse community to develop my career. MIS professionals provide information about a company’s daily business relating to transactions meanwhile also look over systems. Potential careers can be Business Analyst, Database Administrator, or Systems Administrator. One of the most important jo bs an MIS major can do is Project Manager. A Project Manager’s role in IT is to look at projects and plans and organize this information for a potential client. I believe I can expand my career opportunities by learning how to use MIS jargon in the appropriate way. My dream is to become a Developer. In the last four years, I have gained communication experience by working as a Sales Associate. Also, I have gainedShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed The Way People Interact And Work Together912 Words   |  4 Pages It is no secret that Information Technology(IT) has changed the way people interact and work together. From the introduction of the Internet and electronic mail, operating businesses have been driven by how well companies utilize IT. Over the last decades, healthcare is one of the industries that have been shaped by IT. This essay attempts to reflect on how IT has evolved in as far as healthcare is concerned as well as the implications of the interaction of I T and healthcare industry. To beginRead MoreSystems Administration and Network Administration913 Words   |  4 PagesSystems Administration and Network Administration Systems administration and network administration are, in many respects, very similar jobs. Both positions are highly involved in maintaining the computer systems in an organization, and, in some smaller firms, the position may be handled by the same individual. However, while there are significant similarities between systems administration and network administration, there are differences in the roles as well. Basically speaking, system administrationRead MoreA Research On Operative Communication Skills1374 Words   |  6 PagesWhen asked how an individual could become successful American economist Alan Greenspan answered by saying â€Å"To succeed, you will soon learn, as I did, the importance of a solid foundation in the basics of education - literacy, both verbal and numerical, and communication skills.† This recommendation is one that I utilize in all areas of my life: professional, personal, private, and educational. Despite the conditions it is safe to say that oper ative communication skills are indispensable in any situationRead MoreThe Importance of IT Auditing in the Modern World of Business1328 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper summarizes the contents of course CIS7006-8 ‘Foundations of Computer Network Auditing’ at Northcentral University. The course covers information technology (IT) audits and control, IT governance, the IT legal environment, and IT risks. The course also outlines the significant impact on the development of the audit profession by the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. As the profession continues to evolve, IT auditing has become a segment of the auditing profession thatRead MoreRelevant Types Of E Business Models1701 Words   |  7 PagesEC) This term, also known as eB2B (electronic B2B), or just B2B, refers to transactions between businesses conducted electronically over the Internet, extranets, intranets or private networks (Turban et al. 2012). The main operation of our target company, NFD Food Services, is the supply and delivery of an extensive range of food products which include smallgoods, fresh meat, seafood, dairy, dry goods and food packaging to customers in the Foodservice and Route trade industries. This includes cafesRead MoreGod Is Actively With His Creation938 Words   |  4 Pagesnuisances are often used for the protection and the reproduction of some plants. As a Christian I believe that God is actively involved with his creation. Whatever a Christian chooses as vocation, this belief will have great impact on the way he or she interacts with people. God is actively involved with his creation means that God is consistently preserving his creation no matter what. After the fall, humanity has turned away from God; they have been living a sinful life, but God does not reject us. HeRead MoreThe National Customer Service Organization1258 Words   |  6 Pageshave been consolidated from 10 separate platforms into 1 tool that is consistent company-wide. This consolidation lent itself to the National Customer Service Business Intelligence department having the ability to analyze agent performance from a â€Å"One Comcast† perspective. Specifically, the evolution of business intelligence and performance dashboard capabilities from vendors provided a unique opportunity for the company to expand insights from headquarters directly to the users in the field. TheRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Business Intelligence And Analytics1545 Words   |  7 Pagesable to collect pertinent information in a usable form in a timely fashion and ha ve it accessible to decision maker so that the organization can more quickly adapt and implement its overall business strategy. The opportunities associated with the ability to use data and analysis in different organizations has helped generate significant interest in Business Intelligence and analytics (BIA). BIA is an umbrella term that refers to the techniques, technologies, systems, practices, methodologiesRead MoreThe Demand For Customer Relationship Management Systems1499 Words   |  6 Pages(Morris, 1994). With the rapid technological advances we are experiencing on a daily basis, companies are being forced to shift from a product-centered focus to a customer-centered focus. Instead of targeting customers, technology has flipped the role and allowed customers to target companies. This alteration has required IT professionals to â€Å"think customer† and tear down the wall between IT and the employees that interact with customers (McDonnell, 2001). In this customer-centric business world, manyRead MoreExample Of Service Oriented Architecture1527 Words   |  7 PagesArchitecture with legacy systems to standardize systems across the organization. An organization’s reliance on legacy systems may limit their ability to adopt SOA on a large scale. There are ways of miti gating the transition legacy systems to service orientation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Legacy systems become costly and affect efficiency throughout organizations. They lack the flexibility needed to perform modifications. Ideally, a legacy system would be compatible with other systems across the company in a standardized

Criminology A View of Social Structure Theories - 1481 Words

Ted Bundy When many people think of serial killers, the image that comes to mind is that of Theodore Robert Bundy. There had been serial killers before Bundy, but because he was good looking and socially adept, he challenged the conceptions that people had about the appearance of evil. Up until that point, many people were convinced that bad or evil people would appear different from other people. Bundy made people aware that the most evil and dangerous members of society could not be detected by appearance alone. Many people wonder it takes to make a serial killer. Is there something inherently defective in that person that means that they have the ability to commit murder without remorse or somehow enjoy the suffering or others, or doses childhood abuse and other mistreatment mean that someone will grow up to commit these atrocities? Unfortunately, the conflicting information about Bundys childhood does little to help answer these questions. On the surface, Bundys childhood does not appear to feature the level of child abuse or neglect that one normally associates with a serial killer. He was born to a single mother in 1946, a time in which there was a tremendous social stigma attached to being born out of wedlock. However, Bundy did not experience that stigma, as his grandparents raised him as their son. Bundys own accounts of his childhood vary tremendously. At times, he seems to indicate that he was raised in a stable and loving home, but at other times heShow MoreRelatedCritical Theories Of Criminology903 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper, I will discuss conflict criminology, radical criminology, peacemaking criminology, and postmodern criminology providing a comparison as well as a contrast to each. Discussion There are several theories developing critical theories of criminology, the first discussed in this paper will be conflict theory (Bohm Vogel, 2011). The conflict theory is the inequality of competing groups, moreover, the different social statuses of individuals. This theory compares the differences in whiteRead MoreFour Theories Of Criminology : Seminole State College974 Words   |  4 PagesFour Theories of Criminology Kendy Menelas Seminole State College Author Note Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College This research was supported in part by the Federal Pell grant Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kendy Menelas, Department of English, Seminole State College, Sanford, FL 32773. Contact: kendym@live.seminolestate.edu â€Æ' Abstract This paper summarizes four theories of criminology. Rational choice theory states that criminals act basedRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1123 Words   |  5 Pages Gangs have been exceptionally violent in recent years. Criminology, in respect to gangs, refers to the acts of violence and theft conducted by gangs, which are also prohibited by the law and law enforcement bodies. Legislators have created laws and strategies that have been very fundamental in tracking down gangs. Criminal experts state that the key to curbing criminology among gang members is finding and understanding the manner in which they work, as well as looking at the methods they use duringRead MoreSocial Conflict Theory1130 Words   |  5 Pagesquestioned. Critical criminology is a theoretical perspective in criminology which takes a conflict perspective, such as marxism, feminism, political economy theory or critical theory. The focus of critical criminology is the genesis of crime and nature of ‘justice’ within a structure of class and status inequalities. Law and punishment of crime are viewed as connected to a system of social inequality and as the means of producing and perpetuating this inequality.[1] Critical criminology sees crime asRead MoreTheories Of Marxist Theory And Conflict Theory1066 Words   |  5 PagesMany theories have interrelated theories and derive from one another. Marxist theory has connection with labeling theory and conflict theory. Marxist theory and conflict theory explains law and criminal justice but does not oversee multi-groups conflict of society (Akers 2017). Marxist theory is a sociological model which is based on conflict of classes (Akers 2017). Marx viewed the industrial society or capitalist society from a macro point of view. Marxism is also a conflict theory, believing thatRead MoreConflict and Labeling Theory Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Labeling Theory Labeling theory is concerned less with that causes the onset of an initial delinquent act and more with the effect that official handling by police, courts, and correctional agencies has on the future of youths who fall into the court system. Labeling theory states that youths violate the law for a number of reasons; these reasons are poor family relationships, neighborhood conflict, peer pressure, psychological and biological abnormality and delinquent learning experiencesRead MoreBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 PagesSchool of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. According to Williams and McShane 2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per s e; it gained its association with criminology throughRead MoreCriminology: The Evolution of Crime Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology has evolved over history into becoming a discipline all its own, along the way it grew and developed from a multiple sources of disciplines to become an integration of various theories. Reasons that seek to explain crime and deviant behaviors has mirrored the time in which research was being conducted and as time continues to change it is to be expected more theories will arise to incorporate past theories to become ever more inclusive. It is important to understand this development fromRead MoreCrime Society - Durkheims Theory of Crime1004 Words   |  5 Pagesenjoy goods produced by others and become a healthier society (a). Law plays an important role in both types of society law. In Durkheim’s view he felt crime was a normal occurrence and it was impossible to have a society totally devoid of crime, as all societies have rules and sanctions in case these are broken. Punishment deters crime but maintains social cohesion, setting boundaries and delivering order (â€Å"functionalism†). Healthy levels of crime are most likely in mechanical societies as theyRead MoreCriminology And The Criminal Justice System824 Words   |  4 PagesAs it pertains to the last ten years, Criminology and its relevance to the criminal justice system has been taught internationally to a number of students seeking employment within the criminal justice field. Criminology (as a whole) is a comprehensive study of criminal behavior, crime as a social matter, and criminal conduct. This is best explained in Stout’s book titled Applied Criminology when it is stated that â€Å"Different criminological theor ies emerge from different contexts, are shaped by different

My Mothers Memoirs, My Fathers Lie free essay sample

Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them Unfortunately, some children arent able to grow up with both parents around, and in other cases both parents exist with multiple problems. With this happening it is hard for children to actually complete their goals and actually do what they want when they are older, thus not allowing them to achieve greatness. While both Banks and Carver grew up to become writers their family lives are very different. Banks and Carver deal with their childhood memories, alcoholism, and fathers passing away differently. While Banks and Carver were growing up they lived very different lives. Banks grew up in a home with only his mother, his father had moved out. Although he was close with his father, in the text, it is much more apparent that his mother is the main caregiver. Banks remembers his mother as someone who tells many stories, its as if she hopes you will love her more easily if she is associated somehow with fame (288, Russell Banks), most of which are untrue. Banks tells the reader that unlike his mother, he didnt tell stories. The one story Banks father did tell ended up being a lie in the end. The story simply was not true. My father had made it up (286, Russell Banks), even though this is not a big a deal, it mattered to Banks at the time. Having a parent make up a story so you feel as though you fit into the family is not a common thing. Perhaps Banks father seen his lack of love for his son, and tried to create a story to bond himself and his son a little closer before his death. Banks realizes that everyone is just looking to fit in somewhere into society, his mother especially. Banks writes, She told me she had the female lead in the catamount high school senior play and sonny tufts had the male lead (283, Russell Banks). At the end of the story Banks understand his mother’s need to feel as though she were higher up in society, perhaps filling areas in her life she felt were lacking. Banks even comes to understand that his mother needs to feel this way and listens to his stories even though they are all lies. Carver describes his father’s journey throughout his life in a lot of detail, though his father had problems like alcoholism, it never seemed to disturb his goal of creating a financially stable life for his family. Carvers fathers failure to actually create a supreme living life for his family pushed him to lose his place in the world and ultimately made his life and health suffer too alcoholism. Banks and Carver both have parents who suffer from an alcohol problem, however, they both thrive from these situations very differently. Carver watched his father suffer from alcoholism, and even succumbed to it himself. Carvers parents fought often because of the alcohol to which they even considered sending Carver to his aunt’s house, I remember my dad taking me into the bedroom, sitting me down on the bed, and telling me that I might have to go live with my Aunt LaVon for a while (275, Raymond Carver), as he got older puzzle pieces started to fit together as to why Carvers parents were always fighting; One time she found someone elses tube of lipstick on the floorboards along with a lacy handkerchief (275, Raymond Carver). Unlike Carver, Banks learned about the effects much differently, â€Å"My friend’s mother’s death, like my fathers, was caused by acute alcoholism and had been going on for years. What most suicides accomplish in minutes, my father and my friends mother took decades to do (286, Russell Banks). Banks never fell into the habits like Carver did, however, the effects of alcoholism still played a role in their lives equally. In the end of Banks and Carvers stories, their fathers do pass away. They both dealt with the passing of their fathers differently. Carver did not cry until after the ceremony was finished, I began to weep for the first time since receiving the news (280, Raymond Carver), as appose to Banks who admitted When my father died, even though I had been seeing him frequently and talking with him on the phone almost every week, I did not miss him. (285, Russell Banks). Perhaps Carver only cried after the ceremony because throughout his life he felt partly ashamed of his father. Carvers father had made several comebacks throughout his life, however, Carver also wants to learn from his fathers mistakes. I remember the shame I felt when my third-grade teacher, Mr.Wise, drove me home from school one day. I asked him to stop at the house just before ours, claiming I lived there. (275, Raymond Carver), Carver also hints towards not liking the fact his name and his father’s name were the same. I was named Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. I hated the junior part (272, Raymond Carver), it is clear he does not like the junior part because he was Junior to his father; his father being the first Raymond. Throughout the story, Banks explains to the reader how he interprets what his mother says, however, his father on the other hand did not tell stories. Except for once, his father once told him about his name, which Banks discovers was only a lie. At this moment, as I say this, I do love him, but its too late for the saying to make either of us happy. That is why I say the death of a parent is a terrible thing (286, Russell Banks) perhaps Banks feels it is a bad time to say it because he feels it is too late to save their relationship. The death of a parent is a terrible thing, because you realize as you get older you drift apart, and you wish you could have called more often or created more memories while they were alive. In Carvers poem he writes, Father, I love you, / yet how can I say thank you, I who cant hold my liquor either/ and dont even know the places to fish (279, Raymond Carver), Carver did not know how to thank his father, because he did not know what to thank him for. Carver and his father did not have time to spend with each other, because Carvers father spent so much time working and then drinking, there were never any memories of fishing because there was no time for such things. Unfortunately, when a parent dies, you question your relationship with one another. Perhaps you could have done this together, or perhaps things would have been different had you spent more years together. For Carver and Banks this was the case, and they came out of the situation differently. Everyone in life goes through different situations, and regardless of what your situation is or was, this does not determine where you will end up in life. Banks and carver may have ended their lives as writers, but the how they lived their lives were very different. The emotional toll their childhood memories, their father’s alcoholism, and how they dealt with their

Plato And Gatto On Divisions In Society Essays - Ancient Syracuse

Plato And Gatto On Divisions In Society F. Joseph MakoDohertyEN101Writing Assignment 1September 22, 1998The Divisions In education and in other fields of life, people are separated and grouped into ?nice? sections. It has been going on for a long time, even before Plato defined his ideal society. The separating of the good and bad, intelligent and stupid, and high and low class will continue to be a part of who we are as a culture, because our educational structure requires students to learn the ?basic skills.? A problem arises because many people do not fit nicely into a box. I didn't want to be in a box. I was not Gatto's ?good? student, who waited on the teacher for instruction. (Gatto 169) I was driven to find the answer before the teacher asked the question, not so I could answer quickly, but for the reason of having time to do what I wanted. I am not one who likes following other people's trains of thought; I would much rather take a jumping point, and go off in other directions. As in the time when one of my teacher s wanted a paper on an animal, and I wrote a story about two boys hunting a squirrel. I didn't like the teacher's agenda, but I did it so I could go do my own. When the class worked on mechanical procedures, as in Anyon's working-class schools, I looked for reasoning behind why. I thought in original ways, and was successful at staying out of a box. I soon found I had another dilemma, as a result of not fitting in, I failed at relating with other children therefore, was rejected by my peers. When we were all classified and pegged at the start of junior high, the other children were not pleased with the fact that I was different and placed in the high level classes. I thought it odd that most of the lower level children focused their rage on me, when I was very quiet, and rarely bothered anyone. Gatto failed to teach them to ?envy and fear the better classes.? (Gatto 168) It was possibly to create an illusion of them having a higher self-esteem by beating mine down. I just wanted eve ryone to leave me alone. So, I let my grades fall, but for some reason that made them even madder. As a last resort, I made everyone fear me through various violent and illegal actions. It solved one problem, but in the process, I created myself a criminal record and no one wanted to get near me for fear I might kill him or her. I was the example of ?following a private drummer,? the type teaches don't want. (Gatto 171) My family and I moved away, I grew up, and I started high school. The four years I spent in secondary school were mostly uneventful. The restrictions on what I could do during the school day were levied, as they were in Anyon's executive elite school. I joined the track team, learned how to make friends by being nice, and found a group of others like me that I fit in with. High school was very different from junior high; people looked up to me for my intelligence, instead of trying to push me down. Maybe it was because I focused my efforts on being nice and helping o thers, instead of forgetting about everyone else. I came to understand that school did a poor job at teaching me book-knowledge. Yet it put me in social situations that no amount of bookwork could get me out of; it took non measurable skills such as reasoning with the irrational. Facts couldn't help me out in a physical conflict; logic and experience in dealing with others helped to find a solution.The more that I think about it, the more I believe that I mostly educated myself, and learned about myself through interactions with others. School really didn't teach me book knowledge, but I learned who I am by attending. I am an exception to Gatto's lesson on intellectual dependency. I rarely ?waited for an expert to tell me what to do,? and that our economy depends on how well the public

Art in Antiquity essay

Art in Antiquity essay Art in Antiquity essay Art in Antiquity essayIn modern sense, the term â€Å"age of gold† often refers to any period of flourishing, prosperity, and moral purification. In the ancient context, however, it was associated with Greek mythology, in which there was a record of better times. Hesiod (c. 700 B.C.), a Greek poet, fixed the legend in Works and Days to make people know about the Golden Age of Cronus, when people lived like gods, free from grief and misery. Later, the Romans adopted the story about ideal world to their reality. Thus, Ovid (43 B.C. – c. 17 A.D.), a Roman poet, echoed Hesiod in Metamorphoses, but the main difference was in the idea that the era of prosperity was a perspective for the Romans’ future, not a ‘forever-lost-past’. While for the Greek the Golden Age was over because Cronus was defeated and the circumstances were beyond human control, the Roman poets believed that the decline took place because human virtues turned into vices and human, so hu man virtues could bring the Age of Gold back. It was the propaganda of the concept that the Golden Age was again achievable that made the Romans believe in the ideal world and take their own effort to create it. The first Roman emperor Augustus (63 B.C. – 14 A.D.) tried his best to bring about the legendary Golden Age. He paid much attention to the development of sciences and art, which helped his empire develop and flourish and his glory grow in the meantime. Current study is intended to explore how propaganda of the Age of Gold idea contributed to the growth of Roman power along with the development of warfare, politics, and legislation. The study investigates how the longed-for ideal world was fixed in the artwork. In this way, it is expected to provide the evidence that Augustus worked not only for his own ambition, but he did have a clear program to bring peace, security, and glory to his people.The Murals of the Garden Room at Prima PortaIn 1863 archaeologists discovere d a wonderful room at Prima Porta. Due to the documents left by Pliny and Cassius Dio, the location was known for the Villa of Livia, Augustus’ wife. According to the legend, a white hen fell to the lap of Livia just from the clutches of an eagle. In its beak, the hen held a branch of laurel. The crown-bearing couple planted the branch, and the laurel grew into a grove with amazing vigor, thus becoming a symbol of Augustus glory. Today, the place itself (available for the visitors of Museo Nazionale Romano) is famous for the illusionistic murals of partially underground triclinium painted c. 30-20 B.C. The semi-subterranean Garden Room embodied arboreal mythology that became popular in the times of Augustus. The frescoes represent a vista of garden in which different trees and shrubs blossom and fruit at once. The oak, the umbrella pine, the red fir are seen in the foreground. Box trees, cypresses, holm oaks, viburnums, and date palms neighbor pomegranates, oleanders, apple q uinces, strawberry trees, together with ivy, acanthus, laurels and myrtles beyond the marble enclosure. Meanwhile, the variety of flowers includes chamomiles and roses, chrysanthemums and poppies. Violets, irises, and ferns also grow along the footpaths. All the birds enjoy their freedom, except the one put into a gilded cage depicted on the low wall.Order neighboring disorder, woodland and garden displayed together, and wild birds beyond the balustrade all create a utopian landscape to welcome a guest into the realm of harmony. Although it is a celebration of naturalistic technique in blue and green, the view is not the reproduction of nature. Such a combination of flora and fauna representatives, â€Å"as protean and mulitvalent in their structures and meanings as the contemporary poetry of Virgil† (Kleiner 200), is not possible, but it is a cordial invitation to the world specially made for humans, an ideal world more specifically. The artwork rather creates nature than re produces it, and the purpose will be clear if to turn to the idea of the Golden Age.Propagation of the promised Golden Age As for the purpose of the Garden Room, it had both pragmatic and cultural meaning. On the one hand, it was a dining room in the suburbs intended to give shelter for the guests during hot summer days. It goes without saying that the triclinium stayed cool due to its partially underground disposition, so the guests could have rest from heat and enjoy summer banquets in comfort. The emperor had no opportunity to grow real gardens as he did outside, but he found an effective alternative. The pictured gardens were also good at creating the atmosphere of peace and rest due to the ornamental illusion of natural surroundings, so necessary during the scorching summer months.The beneficent world of nature was an allegory for â€Å"fertility and prosperity of the Augustan state† (Henig 192). Each of the trees and plants has its meaning, and most of them come from th e Ovid’s Metamorphoses in which pines, laurel, cypress trees as well as magpies, partridges, and nightingales played a specific role. The state cannot exist without an order, but a natural order of things has to be taken to account to make the state prosper, so the landscape of the Garden Room in which organic order compliments regular structure is obviously a symbol for Augustan powerful empire. The viewer is able to read the message that the close to nature, the pure the morals. What is more, the eye can read the propaganda of peace and stability as well as wealth and abundance through the plentiful motifs of floral character. In this way, the lush fertility of nature celebrates the vitality and renewal of Rome under Augustan peace (Toynbee 442).ConclusionsThe study has shown that in the ancient times art was a rewarding tool for visual expression of political and ideological intentions of a ruler. Augustus made it the cornerstone of his program to reinvigorate Rome and mak e it the most powerful and virtuous state in the world. While social and religious legislation helped him to re-establish moral virtues of the Roman citizens, powerful symbolism in art supported an image of greatness and confidence associated with Augustan renewal.All in all, a garden of imagination painted on the walls of the Villa of Livia is an eloquent example of well-planned propaganda of the idea that under the guidance of Augustus Rome was expected to experience the glorious return of the legendary Golden Age. Out of time and space, with each species fixed in the moment of their own glory, the painting of exotic fecundity deliberately symbolizes the perpetual spring of the Augustus prosperous reign.

Tips to Write a Flawless Research Paper from Scratch

Tips to Write a Flawless Research Paper from Scratch Tips to Write a Brilliant Research Paper Students should never underestimate the education process and expect it to be simple. Every academic course appears to be a challenge no matter if you study in a high school, college or university. Students face tons of writing tasks and assignments of different types. Writing tasks have a great influence on the academic progress and define your final grade at the end of the curse. Failing the task means problems in getting a higher mark or completing your education. Students are assigned tons of different academic works. Research papers are probably the most common ones. Although we are all familiar to this type of assignment, a few students are actually able to come up with a flawless paper that meets all necessary requirements. In this article, we will find out what a research paper is and how to write a brilliant work. The Definition of a Research Paper A research paper is a typical writing tasks for students who study in high schools, colleges and universities. The paper refers to different grades and levels. It represents a scientific work where students are supposed to highlight their acknowledgment with the topic in addition to an in-depth research and analysis of the subject. The main mission is to stress the issue of the topic, explore it, provide argumentation and solutions to the problem raised. Although each research paper refers to different fields and areas, it features a typical structure. Make sure your paper has: An introduction. A thesis statement. Body paragraphs. Conclusion. Sometimes you may be asked to additionally provide an outline and reference list. Make sure you strictly follow all the instruction assigned by the teacher. Also keep an eye on the type of the paper you need to write. A research paper can be of different types. General Research Paper Types Although all research papers have the same goal when it comes to students writing challenges, they can be of different types. Each type boasts its own unique particularities. Make sure you have a clear understanding of the task. Otherwise, you will not be able to provide a high-quality content. Here are some of the main types of research papers students usually face: Definition Papers; Cause Effect Paper; Argumentative Essay; Analytic and Report Research Papers; Compare Contrast Essays. These are some of the major paper types you will have to write during the education course. Define the type of the project and you will define its aim. Now, lets get to the writing tips that will make it easy to produce a high-quality paper. Research Paper Writing Tips It does not actually matter, what type of research paper you were assigned. You will need all your knowledge of the subject in addition to exceptional research and analytic skills. A few writers can boast possessing such an award-winning combination. However, there are still some tips that will put an ease on the writing process. We do hope they will help you save some energy and time: Make an outline start planning your paper beforehand. Avoid writing your work 2 days before the deadline. Reserve at least a couple of weeks; Conduct a strong thesis statement every brilliant research paper starts with a winning thesis statement. Make it short and persuasive at the same time. Hook your readers up and highlight the main problem and argumentation of your paper; Take notes keep on writing notes every time you have some fresh ideas. They will let you make the text more lively. Keep them all in one place; Follow all the requirements make sure your work meets all established requirements. The slightest miss, and you are doomed to failure; Edit and proofread keep an eye on the slightest grammar and punctuation mistake. Ensure it is 100% plagiarism-free and well-formatted. If you still have difficulties in completing the task, you can opt for some more effective solutions like buying paper online from a proven company that delivers exceptional quality writing services. Who Can Help to Write a Research Paper? Students face numerous obstacles on the way to a successful education course. The lack of time in addition to dozens of regular assignments hardly put an ease on the studying process. This is where online writing services may come in handy. Choose only well-established websites with a good reputation on the web. Avoid amateur writing companies and opt for proven leaders in the niche of academic assistance.

The Essence of Humanism Seen Through the Villa Rotunda Essay

The Essence of Humanism Seen Through the Villa Rotunda - Essay Example The Renaissance period also gave birth to the phenomenon of learning from the nature that became the base for the revival of classical letter and teachings. This ideology was backed by the belief that these learning can guide the humans towards the right path of the life. The humanism theorists believe that the human being can seek for assistance from nature in each and every facet of their lives. When it comes to arts, the humanists believe that an artist should reflect the perfection and balance that he found in different creatures of nature. In this way, an artist can also emulate the perfection and balanced beauty of the natural creations (Petrosyan, 1972, p98). The main objective of the following discussion is to explore the humanism through the analysis of an architectural work done during the Renaissance period. In this regard, the essay strives to explore the essence of humanism in one of the finest buildings of Renaissance period; Villa Rotunda that was built by an eminent humanist architect of that time Andrea Palladio who was the chief architect of Venetian Republic. This building is chosen because Palladio is among the prominent humanists of his age and the focus upon one of his major accomplishment could be a significant way to apprehend the values of humanism reflected through the art pieces. Palladio was among the most influential architects of the Renaissance era whose work is a great source of inspiration even for the architects of modern time (Hopkins, 2002, p43). He has designed twenty villas in Venetian Mainland during his lifetime and almost all of them are regarded as beautiful example of renaissance arts; however, the vill a rotunda possesses a distinguished position among all of his works and it has been regarded as the finest and subtle artwork of Palladio that is alive even after centuries (Howard and Deborah, 1980, p224).

Enron Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enron Corporation - Case Study Example Executive Summary Some stories are so unbelievable that they become Hollywood movies. One of those stories is the Enron scandal. The movie called Enron the Smartest Guys in the Room was created based on the Enron story. Enron was once the biggest company in the energy industry, but a complex fraudulent scheme that began many years prior to the revelation of the fraud led to its demise. The corporate executives of the company were the primary agents that designed one the biggest accounting scandals in United States history. Two of the accounting tools that were used by Enron to cook up the numbers were market to market accounting and off balance sheet liabilities. The company would own only 49% of a subsidiary in order not to have to report liabilities of the entity. Debt from Enron was hidden in thousands of hedge funds or subsidiaries. It was all a huge scam. The organization violated or used to its advantage a variety of organizational theories. Five of the theories that influenced the behavior of Enron management and its employees were agency problem, corporate culture, teamwork, perception, and leadership. Agency problems exist at Enron in terms of the yearly bonuses, inside trading activity, and in the partnership scheme particularly the LJM partnership. The executive management team colluded with each other in a team effort. The leadership abilities of the top executive managers were outstanding. The corporate culture of the company was based on greed, disloyalty, and unethical behavior. The managers of the company were able to create a perception of a superb company that had tremendous financial performance. This was not true since the company was a fraudulent firm. Statement of the Problem Enron Corporation cooked up the numbers by violating the conservatism principle in market to market transactions and used deceptive accounting practices to hide liabilities by creating a complex network of partnerships. The mastermind of the network hedge funds was An dy Fastow. All the top corporate executives were crooked. The traders were unethical and money hungry. In a partnership called LJM Fastow stole $45 million. The company had a rotten corporate culture where the employees had tough pressures to perform or they would be fired. The company got corrupted and collusion occurred which led to the biggest corporate crime of the 21 century. Analysis of the Problem The Enron accounting scandal was a well orchestrated machine. Prior to the whistleblower revealing the truth nobody knew that the accounting of the company was not truthful. The Securities and Exchange Commission approved the use of market to market accounting for Enron. They could have never imagined that it was going to be used as a tool for deception and financial fraud. When the company got a new energy contract they would recognized the profits immediately without any cash coming in. The executives exaggerated the benefits of the energy contracts in order to boost profits and r eceive bonuses and rewards for fake money. The company was creating monopoly money that did not really exist. In the year 2000 the company reported $1 billion in profits. The truth was that they did not make any money whatsoever. The company for years was overstating the value of the energy contracts. As time passed most of the earnings did not manifest themselves. The company in reality was

Initial Assessment Essay Example for Free

Initial Assessment Essay The reasoning for using Initial Assessment in my curriculum area is because the majority of students have not completed a formal education or if having done so hold little or no qualifications. The majority of the courses start at entry level therefore no qualifications’ are require, but to offer students progression on to higher levels they need to be holding or be able to achieve a level 1 in communication and application of number. This is the minimum requirement to complete an apprenticeship programme and the vast majority wish to follow the vocational route to being a ‘qualified tradesman’. Procedures Before the day of enrolment students are fore warned at the interview stage what the awarding bodies’ requirement is to do a particular course. In the case of Construction Awards Alliance they have their own assessment criteria to try a match the suitability of the student to a particular trade. However because we deliver from entry to level 2 with three bodies to keep to the assessment process standard the college format is used( booklet produced by the learning centre, attached). Hillier. J (2005 p62) states â€Å"Great care must be used with such assessment activities. Many potential learners will feel highly by being threatened by being asked to undertake a diagnostic assessment. † In my opinion as long as students are made aware that this is not a formal test the majority do not mind taking the test, provided that the reasoning behind it is explained correctly. As a tutor it is important I remember the purpose of the test as Lambert. D and Lines. D (2000 p20) state â€Å"formative assessment is undertaken so that positive achievements of a pupil can be recognised and the appropriate next step planned†. Once all the information is collated this is entered into the course/ student profile booklet, this enables me or any other tutors to look at a particular student or group qualifications and progress as they are recorded for each achievement. Personally I think that the process works well when we complete the diagnostics on line as students can not see how others are doing. Most students feel more comfortable using this method as they do not feel as much pressure as they can wear head phones if required. The whole purpose works well because as a tutor working on entry level and to a certain degree on level 1, communication and application of number can be imbedded into the practical aspects of the course. The major weakness that I feel of the assessment process is that they are not curriculum specific; aspects of application of number are not relevant to the vocational subject. As I have experienced my self and some mature students the terminology of key words has changed until we have had them explained. When using the paper versions students that struggle to read or write often do not complete enough of the booklet, for the tutor to find the true level the students capable / working at. An important aspect that is often missed is the fact that to help students there is a requirement to have extra support in place if require for individuals. If there is no support is there a need for assessment? Yes but ensure all the support is provided and available as required in a timely manner. References a. Hillier. J (2005) Teaching in Further and Adult Education Gosport; Ashford colour press Ltd, p62 b. Lambert. D and Lines. D (2000) Understanding, Assessment ,Purposes, Perceptions, Practice London; RoutledgeFalmer, p20.

Humanism During the Renaissance :: Philosophy

Humanism During the Renaissance During the renaissance, there was a renewed interest in the arts, and the traditional views of society came into question. People began to explore the power of the human mind. A term often used to describe the increasing interest in the powers of the human mind is humanism. Generally, humanism stresses the individual's creative, reasoning, and aesthetic powers. However, during the Renaissance, individual ideas about humanism differed. Writers and philosophers of the Renaissance time period expressed their opinions about human nature and human's roles in the universe through their writings. Pico della Mirandola's "Oration on the dignity of man", which glorifies humanity and praises the human ability to reason, offers the opposing view to Shakespeare's Hamlet and Montaigne's essay "Man's presumption and Littleness" which both suggest that humans are no higher in the universal order of things than any other of God's creatures. Pico begins his essay by informing his readers that he knows where humans stand in the divine order of the world. Pico believes that humans were the last creatures created by God, and that God's purpose, in creating them, was to fulfill his desire for someone to appreciate the great wonders and beauties of his world: When the work was finished, the Craftsman kept wishing that there were someone to ponder the plan of so great a work... therefore... he finally took thought concerning the creation of man. (Mirandola 224) It is also Pico's belief that when Humans were created, they were given qualities both divine and earthly, and could become whatever they chose: We have made thee neither of heaven nor of earth, neither mortal nor immortal, so that with freedom of choice... thou mayest fashion thyself in whatever shape thou shalt prefer. (Mirandola 225) Pico's conclusion about human ranking among the divine order of things was that while some people were almost celestial, others were no better than animals, and that this great variance of character among the human population only served to increase their importance and uniqueness from all other of God's creatures. His essay, which praised human greatness and exalted the powers of humanity, was opposed by more negative views of humanity, as expressed in the works of Montaigne and Shakespeare. Montaigne's essay "Man's presumption and Littleness" belittles the greatness of man so much that he becomes no more than another beast among beasts, possibly even lower than some of God's other creatures.

Financial Management Theory and Practice Essay

A- Annual report :- it’s a statement that gives an accounting picture of a firms operation and its financial position , there is two types of information are provided in annual report First :- the verbal section witch often represents the firms operation result during the past two years or any period , and discuses new developments that will effect future operation . and explain why things turned out the way they did . Second :- the presentation for four basic financial statements ( the balance sheet , the income statement , the statement of retained earnings and the statement of cash flows). these four statements illustrate (what has actually happened to assets , earnings , and the dividends over the past few years . These information is used by investors to help form an expectation about the future earnings of the firm and dividends B- Balance sheet :- it’s a snapshot of firms financial position in the last day of given period . and a balance sheet changes daily because of :- * Inventories are bought and sold . * Fixed assets are added or retired . * A bank loan balances are increased or paid down. Its composite of a table of two sides :- The left side of a balance sheet lists assets (which are the things that company owns) in order of liquidity or the length of time , The right side lists the claims that ( supplies , banks , bondholders , stockholders ) have against company and they must be paid in order ) . C– the income statement :- reflects the financial performance over each of a given period of time ( monthly , quarterly and annually ) . witch contains net sales excluding (EBITDA) .which means earning before interest , taxes , depreciation and amortization . D- depreciation :- its a policy applies by accountants , rather than treat the entire purchase of assets in a purchase year , they treat the expenses of assets by the assets useful life , in many years after , and it calculates in tangible assets in balance sheet . E- Net worth or common equity :- it’s the asset net of liabilities and sum of common stocks and retained earnings , In case a company’s assets are sold and liabilities and preferred stocks were actually worth their book value , then the company in case of bankruptcy can sell its assets to pay liabilities and preferred stocks and remaining cash would belong to common stakeholders . F- (EBITDA) :- its earning before interest , taxes , depreciation , and amortization . G- STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW :- represents a claim against assets , instead of distributing the money as dividends , they spend it on buying new assets . H- The statement of cash flow :- it’s the amount of cash reported on its year-end balance sheet , it can be used in variety of ways , (pay dividends , increase inventories , keep it in bank , or to invest in fixed assets . (3-2) what four statements are contained in annual report ? Answer :- 1- the balance sheet , 2- the income statement , 3- the statement of retained earnings 4- the statement of cash flows These information is used by investors to help form an expectation about the future earnings of the firm and dividends . (3-3) If a â€Å"typical† firm reports $20 million of retained earnings on its balance sheet, could its directors declare a $20 million cash dividend without any qualms whatsoever? Answer :- No , because the retained earning could be used in variety of ways , like pay dividends , increase inventories , keep it in bank , or to invest in fixed assets . (3-4) Explain the following statement: â€Å"While the balance sheet can be thought of as a snapshot of the firm’s financial position at a point in time, the income statement reports on operations over a period of time.† Answer :- Because the balance sheet changes daily as inventories are bought and sold , fixed assets are added or retired , or as a bank loan balances are increased or paid down . while the income statement is the financial performance of a firm during that period , and its more precise to analyze . (3-5) What is operating capital, and why is it important?

Importance of Building a Relationship For a Salesperson, and What Organizations and Sales people do to Build Relationships With Customers

In the business world today, customers have not only become fastidious but also more demanding and unforgiving. This explains the reason as to why any salesperson needs to be more aggressive and make a good impression the first time he gets in contact with customers. According to Calvin (2007), getting good business sales is the natural outcome of an established relationship of trust between the salesperson and the customers. The closure of sales after the establishment of a good and trustworthy relationship becomes the easiest part in the sales process. Portraying a first good and perfect impression requires good communication and presentation skills for the salesperson. The salesperson is expected to please a first time stranger, and convince them that he is reliable. Most often, the salesperson is terrified and does not know what kind of response to expect from the first time client. This stage is very important as it is able to determine whether such a client will become a customer who can always purchase from the salesperson or not. If the salesperson is able to win the confidence and trust of the customers at the first instance, he is likely to enjoy a competitive advantage in the market over other business people. Goods sales trainings invests a lot of attention and time in teaching salespeople the required skills for building relationships. The skills mainly taught for the sales people include learning to listen to others, and creation of creation of confidence (Honeycutt, 2003). The salesperson should show that he understands the concerns and needs of a particular customer. By doing this, the customer is likely to create confidence in the salesperson and will often want to purchase any goods or services offered by the salesperson. A salesperson should be able to create trust by being able to communicate about information concerning a specific product that the seller is willing to offer and clearly linking this information to the concerns and needs of the customer. Teaching of presentation skills is done in the aspect of and in the context of creating a trustful and open relationship between salespeople and the clients. Techniques of closing stock should then be looked into briefly as part of the big picture of good presentation skills for sales people. According to Acuff and Wood (2004), the focus for building relationships as opposed to just concentrating on the sale of a product is important in the present world than ever before. Various reasons have been given to show why building of relationships is important. To begin with, the changes taking place in the world have necessitated the salespeople to take charge in the market, so as to win confidence for the customers. Sales people have realized that they should be leaders of the current changes taking place in the market, they do this by informing people about new products in the market and convincing them how such products or services are likely to meet their needs and concerns. By being able to win confidence from the customers, they are able to win more customers. A salesperson who does this will be able to absolutely convince customers that what he is selling is a safe and sure solution for the customers problem. Another importance of focusing on an open and trustworthy relationship is because of the need to enjoy a competitive advantage in the market. When a good product gets into the market, other competitors quickly come up with a similar product. A salesperson who has already established a strong relationship with his clients is able to retain them, despite the tough competition. The third reason touches on the development of technology. With the introduction of unique and complex goods in the market, customers have been having fears of buying some products which may cause them harm in future, or products they cannot be able to maintain. Salespeople should know how to win customers under this circumstances, by explaining about the usefulness of such products, and showing how well they understand such a product. Salespeople who focus on the creation of a relationship at the heart of their activities have been producing excellent results in their work (Baker, 2003). Sales Ethics, and Why The Topic is Receiving so Much Attention Today Honeycutt (2003) stated that sales ethics cannot be defined or explained with the exception of all other ethical values. Sales ethics in fact emanates from the entire organizational values which guide the day to day activities of the organization. There is actually no specific code in the area of business that has been separately dedicated to sales ethics. Therefore, the approach used to define sales ethics is the approach used to look at ethics in general. According to Baker (2003), sales ethics refer to those standards of conduct which a salesperson is supposed to observe while carrying out his business practice. A salesperson should carry out his duty with integrity, honesty and intelligence, with the ultimate goal of realizing the vision and mission of the company he or she is working for. Many corporations today are emphasizing on the practice of sales ethics among their salespeople. Researchers have argued that, salespeople are not required to follow a written statement of ethics because they are not ethical, but because they are placed in a working environment where they are faced by ethical challenges every now and then, unlike other people in employment. Researchers have sated that companies should take enough time to educate salespeople on how to approach ethical dilemmas in their areas of work. Unlike other workers who have their bosses to consult when faced with ethical challenges, salespeople often face the problem while on the road, they therefore lack anyone to consult and are left to tackle the problem alone. Sales ethics helps to prevent many loses that a company can get from unethical behaviors of the salespeople such as over promising customers, and failure to observe certain sales regulations like the FDA's rules for pharmaceuticals, which may lead to great loses for the company. It has also been claimed that ethics addresses and supports what some scholars call, â€Å"the gray areas of selling,† (Acuff & Wood, 2004). Though this areas may not have any legal implications, lack of knowledge and skills to address them may cause great damage to the company and to the sales career. They include the use of assets available in the company, this may involve misuse of expense reports, computers, cars, and other important equipments in the company. The handling of customer relationships, this may involve forms of abuse such as over promising, overselling, over telling, under informing, and overstocking. The handling of competitor relationships involve spying and tampering on the affairs of the customers outside the scope of business and disparagement. Sales ethics also enable the salesperson to handle relationships with supervisors and peers and to avoid certain acts like false reporting or abuse of territory poaching. Being able to avoid conflicts of interest while working including improper disclosure, and to avoid offering of entertainment and gifts in excess of customers and corporate policies. Where companies have established formal policies to guide the behavior of sales people, they have been able to create good customer relationships and competitive sales. Salary, Commission and Combination Pay Plans, Their Advantages and Disadvantages. According to Calvin (2007), salary refers to the amount of money which an employee is entitled to receive at the end of the month. The employee as long as he or she performs his obligation is entitled to get the set amount of money, whether the company incurs looses or makes profits. This mode of payment has been deemed to be favorable to the employees due to the fact that, they are protected against any unforeseen looses that may occur in the company. Companies which offer employees a permanent salary have the advantage of retaining their workers for a long period of time. Such workers feel secured in the company, and are stable in their operation. This allows the company an opportunity to train their workers, specifically salespeople on the necessary skills, such as building of healthy relationships with clients. This in turn promotes production and maximizes profits for the whole organization. On the other hand however, employees who get a constant salary can relax and refuse to offer the best of their output, since they are sure sure to get their pay whether the company makes profits or not, this is disadvantageous for the company. Acuff and Wood (2004) expressed that commission payment is a payment plan where the employee is entitled to a certain percentage of money from the sales he or she makes. For instance, an employee selling an item whose price is 10 U. S dollars may be entitled to10% as his commission. Many studies have shown that this is an appropriate way of motivating salespeople. Such employees put much of their effort to ensure a maximum sale, so as to earn more commission. With this type of payment plan, an employee can earn as much as they want depending on their performance. This system in fact ensures maximum performance in a company. However, it has been argued that employees in such payment programs are often faced with the challenge of job insecurity and tend to keep changing jobs. A company is likely to loose employees every now and then. This undermines the efforts of establishing a good relationship between salespeople and the customers. In effect, the organization may not be in a position to maximize the sale of its products. The combination plan involves employees getting a certain amount of money as retainer, and then getting the additional compensation as a commission. According to Baker (2003), this is the most effective way of compensating salespeople. By considering the nature of a sales job, it is important that a salesperson is protected against uncertainties especially when sales are so low, by giving them some amount of money as a retainer. The additional commission works as a motivator. This method is therefore said to be the best for salespeople because it serves both sides, securing an employee who can through this plan be retained by the company for its benefit, and motivating the employee to produce the best for the benefits of the company. Critiques however argue that this plan can in certain circumstances be expensive for the company (Honeycutt, 2003).

Essay on Scared Cold War and Kissinger

Essay on Scared Cold War and Kissinger Essay on Scared: Cold War and Kissinger- Henry Kissinger Fuck 1. Richard Nixon-he was elected to be US President after Johnson decided to not to run for US president again. He promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soldiers from South Vietnam. 2. Henry Kissinger- Henry Kissinger stands out as the dominant American statesman and foreign policymaker of the late 20th century. With his intellectual prowess and tough, skillful negotiating style, Kissinger ended the Vietnam War and greatly improved American relations with its two primary Cold War enemies, China and the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Kissinger's ruthlessly pragmatic, sometimes Machiavellian tactics have earned him as many critics as admirers. 3. Vietnamization-President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces. 4. Kent State- an Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War o n May 4,1970, wounding nine and killing four. 5. Pentagon Papers-a secret government history documenting the mistakes and deceptions of government policy makers in dealing with vietnam- leaved to the press by Daniel Ellsberg, a former Defense Department analyst. 6. China Visit-Nixon visit initiated diplomatic exchanges that ultimately led to US recognition of the Communist government in 1979 7. Soviet Union-Strategic Arms Limitation Talks: US diplomats secured Soviet consent to a freeze on the number of ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads, significant step toward reducing cold war tensions 8. Southern Strategy - to win over the south the president asked the federal court in that region to delay integration plans and busing orders and nominated two southern conservatives to the supreme court 9. Stagflation- combination of economic slowdown and high inflation. High prices in a bad economy. 10. U.S vs. Nixon-The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the do ctrine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions 11. War Powers Act- required Nixon and any future president to report to Congress within 48 hours after taking military action, it further provided that Congress would have to approve any military action that lasted more than 60 days. 12. Middle East War-outbreak of war on october 6 on the jewish holy day of Yom Kippur, the Syrians and Egyptians launched a surprise attack on Israel in an attempt to recover the lands lost in the Six Day war of 1967. 13. OPEC; oil embargo-the arab members of this organization placed this on oil sold to israel's supporters; it caused a worldwide oil shortage and long lines at gas stations in the US-affected US economy by the loss of manufacturing jobs and a lower standard of living for blue collar workers. 14. Bicentennial- The US celebrated its 200th b-day; Americans' pride in their history helped to put Water gate and Vietnam behind them. 15. Jimmy Carter-little known former governor of georgia who competed for the democratic party's nomination in 1976; had success running as an outsider against the corruption in

The Oxford Short List 2015

The Oxford Short List 2015 The Oxford Short List 2015 The Oxford Short List 2015 By Maeve Maddox As I pointed out in a recent post, the Oxford â€Å"Word† of 2015 is a pictogram. In this post, I’ll take a look at eight other words that placed in Oxford’s annual list of frequently used English words and phrases. Of the eight, I had heard of three of them, had written about two of them, and had never heard of five of them. sharing economy Merriam-Webster has an entry for the phrase and defines it as â€Å"economic activity that involves individuals buying or selling usually temporary access to goods or services especially as arranged through an online company or organization† and gives 2007 as the date of its first-known use. Wikipedia defines it as â€Å"peer-to-peer-based sharing of access to goods and services (coordinated through community-based online services).† The phrase does not yet appear in my subscription edition of the OED. It seems to mean â€Å"online bartering.† they The appearance of this ancient word on the 2015 list is in the context of its growing use to refer to a person of unspecified gender. See Gendered Pronouns for a discussion of this usage. on fleek I couldn’t even guess at what this one could mean. According to the Oxford site’s explanation, this phrase originated with the user of a social media called Vine. She uploaded a video in which she displayed her eyebrows and described them as â€Å"on fleek.† The phrase is now taken to mean â€Å"extremely good, attractive, or stylish.† ad blocker This is a type of software that prevents ads from popping up on a web page. I had heard of this one. refugee This has been an English word since the seventeenth century. The renewed interest derives from the frequency that refugee and migrant have appeared in the news this year. I recently wrote about the words in Migrants vs Refugees. Brexit This creation- a combination of Br(itish)+exit- is a term for â€Å"potential or hypothetical departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union.† Dark Web I’d heard of the Deep Web, but not the Dark Web. The Deep Web refers to parts of the Internet that can’t be accessed in the usual way with browsers and search engines. The Dark Web â€Å"refers specifically to websites which use encryption tools to hide the identities of hosts and users of a site, often in order to facilitate illegal activities.† lumbersexual I guessed this one to mean the type of man who imagines that beard stubble looks attractive. I was close. It merges lumberjack with metrosexual and refers to urban males who sport checked shirts and facial hair. Mind you, I like beards; it’s the not-quite-shaven-but-not-really-a-beard look that gives me the fantods. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?7 Tips for Writing a Film Review20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Group reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Group reference - Essay Example Social networking is also a very large method for companies to promote their products since people in group-oriented cultures value the wisdom that social networking sites and blogs can provide. It is an effective method of promoting word of mouth since Chapter 11 described this as a very important element of changing or improving buyer behavior. It has influence on 2/3 of all sales and therefore should be recognized as providing excellent marketing and advertising opportunities for many businesses in the UAE. The Internet is widely used in this country and provides a forum for success. When comparing the readings from the two chapters about social stratification and buyer behavior related to reference groups, Carrefour and Lulu hypermarkets have mixed results in terms of self-promotion and the forums where they advertise. Ameinfo.com (2000) identifies that these firms are often reluctant to address different media sources about their business strategies and success. This makes it di fficult to predict the type of strategic focus that these hypermarkets have and how they will change buyer attitudes especially when they are seeking information from knowledge sources of power. The UAE has very group-oriented values and therefore rely on reference groups to help them make product decisions. Unlike other countries such as the United States and the UK that actively use media press releases to promote their products and business strategies, these hypermarkets are not taking advantage of the word of mouth potential that such media sources provide. Therefore, in the UAE, in relation to the hypermarket concept stores, certain social classes must rely on their own experiences to decide whether to continue to patronize the stores. This is a limitation for the hypermarkets in many ways for not taking advantage of the advantages of media sources. At the same time, the social class status of buyers is mixed in the UAE and makes it difficult to target them. There are four dist inct social classes of buyers in the UAE: Those with immense wealth and political power, the business class, the middle class with moderate income levels, and lower-income households who work in service industries (Omair, 2010, p.123). With such a mixed variety of consumers, it would be necessary to understand whether social mobility is occurring through infrastructure development or jobs creation to determine whether buying attitudes and behaviors would change over the long-term. This again makes it difficult for the hypermarkets to promote their products effectively and develop a long-term strategy for marketing success. The UAE is also experiencing a recession much like the rest of the globe and global commodity prices are increasing. To combat this, the UAE is fixing the prices at the political level for different food products and other household products as a short-term strategy to prevent inflation (a1saudiarabia.com, 2011). This is going to impact the buying behavior of many different social classes at a time when value and pricing are considerable motivators for buying behavior. These efforts are being done in an environment that will directly impact the hypermarket stores of Carrefour and Lulu since this is the bulk of their total product variety. Pricing will definitely

The Harlem Renaissance and its Effect on African American Literature Research Paper

The Harlem Renaissance and its Effect on African American Literature - Research Paper Example Its flame continues to burn today through the writings of contemporary African American authors. It has been argued that the Harlem Renaissance was short-lived and without much effect on literature black or white. However, to say this and limit its impact to a short period in the 1920s is shortsighted, as the early writing of such authors as W.E.B. DuBois clearly â€Å"manifested an awareness of the possibilities of a black aesthetic still in development today...It might even be that its effects were still being strongly felt, and thus that it was still figuratively alive, as late as 1970.†2 The complex nature of the literary movement which we identify with the European Renaissance is very much a continuing project. Clearly the literature of the period had roots firmly planted in the African experience of writers, most of whom were descendents of slaves. While some sought to incorporate slavery into their work, others such as Alain Locke in his 1926 book, The New Negro: An Interpretation sought to promote black authors as legitimate representatives of an expanding African-American culture. â€Å"Central to the development of this racial awakening is a new internationalism which Locke describes as primarily an effort to recapture contact with the scattered peoples of African derivation.† 3 While African roots of blacks in this period played an intrinsic role in life and literary development of blacks, the Renaissance had a surprising reciprocal effect on African writers such as Peter Abrahams as noted in his comments upon reading DuBois’s The Souls of Black Folks. â€Å"Du Bois...might have been writing about my land and people. The mood and feeling he described were native to me....[he] had given me a key to the understanding of the world. The Negro is not free.†4 A note here should explain that DuBois in his writing chose to explore

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Assignment

A Research and Analysis of Returns on the Viability For the Hobbits Choice Restaurant - Assignment Example Survey Questions 1. Do you eat at this type of restaurant at least once every two weeks? 2. How many total dollars do you spend per month in restaurants (for your meals only)? 3. How likely would it be for you to patronize this restaurant (new upscale restaurant)? 4. What would you expect an average evening meal entree item alone to be priced? 5. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 6. To which type of radio programming do you most often listen? 7. Would you describe yourself as a viewer of TV local news? 8. Which newscast do you watch most frequently? 9. Do you read the newspaper? 10. Which section of the local newspaper would you say you read most frequently? 11. Do you subscribe to City Magazine? 12. Prefer Waterfront View 13. Prefer Drive Less than 30 Minutes 14. Prefer Formal Waitstaff Wearing Tuxedos 15. Prefer Unusual Desserts 16. Prefer Large Variety of Entrees 17. Prefer Unusual Entrees 18. Prefer Simple Decor 19. Prefer Elegant Decor 20. Prefer String Quartet 21. Prefer Jazz Combo 22. Year Born 23. What is your highest level of education? 24. What is your marital status? 25. Including children under 18 living with you, what is your family size? 26. Please check the letter that includes the Zip Code in which you live (coded by letter). 27. Which of the following categories best describes your before tax household income? 28. What is your gender? 29. Probable Patron of Hobbit's Choice? 30. Recoded income to $1,000s using midpoints of questionnaire ranges 31. State age

Higher Quality Input Phrase To Driven Reverse Dictionary

Higher Quality Input Phrase To Driven Reverse Dictionary Implementing a Higher Quality Input Phrase To Driven Reverse Dictionary E.Kamalanathan  and C.Sunitha Ram ABSTRACT Implementing a higher quality input phrase to driven reverse wordbook. In contrast to a conventional forward wordbook, that map from word to their definitions, a reverse wordbook takes a user input phrase describing the specified construct, and returns a group of candidate words that satisfy the input phrase. This work has important application not just for the final public, notably those that work closely with words, however conjointly within the general field of abstract search. The current a group of algorithms and therefore the results of a group of experiments showing the retrieval accuracy and therefore the runtime latency performance is implementation. The experimental results show that, approach will offer important enhancements in performance scale while not sacrificing the standard of the result. Experiments scrutiny the standard of approach to it of presently on the market reverse dictionaries show that the approach will offer considerably higher quality over either of the opposite presently on the market implementations. Index Terms : Dictionaries, thesauruses, search process, web-based services. . INTRODUCTION A Report work on creating a reverse dictionary, As against a regular (forward) wordbook that maps words to their definitions, a WD performs the converse mapping, i.e., given a phrase describing the required conception, it provides words whose definitions match the entered definition phrase. It’s relevant to language understanding. The approach has a number of the characteristics expected from a strong language understanding system. Firstly, learning solely depends on unannoted text information, which is abundant and contain the individual bias of an observer. Secondly, the approach is predicated on all-purpose resources (Brill’s PoS Tagger, WordNet [7]), and also the performance is studied below negative (hence additional realistic) assumptions, e.g., that the tagger is trained on a regular dataset with doubtless totally different properties from the documents to be clustered. Similarly, the approach studies the potential advantages of victimization all potential senses (and hypernyms) from WordNet, in an endeavor to defer (or avoid altogether) the necessity for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), and also the connected pitfalls of a WSD tool which can be biased towards a particular domain or language vogue BACKGROUND WORK Natural Language Processing: Natural Language Processing (NLP) [6] is a large field which encompasses a lot of categories that are related to this thesis. Specifically NLP is the process of computationally extracting meaningful information of natural languages. In other words: the ability for a computer to interpret the expressive power of natural language. Subcategories of NLP which are relevant for this thesis are presented below. WordNet: WordNet [7], [2]is a large lexical database containing the words of the English language. It resembles the traits of a thesaurus in that it structures words that have similar meaning together. WordNet is something more, since it also specifies different connections for each of the senses of a given word. These connections place words that are semantically related close to one another in a network. WordNet also displays some quality of a dictionary, since it describes the definition of words and their corresponding part-of-speech. Synonym relation is the main connection between words, which means that words which are conceptually equivalent, and thus interchangeable in most contexts, are grouped together. These groupings are called synsets and consist of a definition and relations to other synsets. A word can be part of more than one synset, since it can bear more than one meaning. WordNet has a total of 117 000 synsets, which are linked together. Not all synsets have a distinct path to another synset. This is the case, since the data structure in WordNet is split into four different groups; nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs (since they follow different rules of grammar). Thus it is not possible to compare words in different groups, unless all groups are linked together with a common entity. There are some exceptions which links synsets cross part-of-speech in WordNet, but these are rare. It is not always possible to find a relation between two words within a group, since each group are made of different ba se types. The relations that connect the synsets within the different groups vary based on the type of the synsets. Application Programming Interface Several Application Programming Interfaces (API) exists for WordNet. These allow easy access to the platform and often additional functionality. As an example of this the Java WordNet Library [8] (JWNL) can be mentioned. This allows for access to the WordNet Library files. PoS Tagging PoS tags[8] are assigned to the corpus using Brill’s PoS tagger. As PoS tagging require the words to be in their original order this is done before any other modifications on the corpora. Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is the field which is concerned with analysing a text and assigning different grammatical roles to each entity. These roles are based on the definition of the particular word and the context in which it is written. Words that are in close proximity of each other often affect and assign meaning to each other. The POS taggers job is to assign grammatical roles such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. based upon these relations. The tagging of POS is important in information retrieval in general text processing. This is the case since natural languages contain a lot of ambiguity, which can make distinguishing words/terms difficult. There are two main schools when tagging POS. These are rule-based and stochastic. Examples of the two are Brill’s tagger and Stanford POS tagger, respectively. Rule-based taggers work by applying the most used POS for a given word. Predefined/lexical rules are then applied to the structure for error analysis. Errors are corrected until a satisfying threshold is reached. Stochastic taggers use a trained corpus to determine the POS of a given word. Stopword Removal Stopwords, i.e. words thought not to convey any meaning, are removed from the text. The approach taken in this work does not compile a static list of stopwords, as usually done. Instead PoS information is browbeaten and all tokens that are not nouns, verbs or adjectives are removed. Stop words are words which occur often in text and speech. They do not tell much about the content they are wrapped in, but helps humans understand and interpret the residue of the content. These terms are so generic that they do not mean anything by themselves. In the context of text processing they are basically just empty words, which only takes up space, increases computational time and affects the similarity measure in a way which is not relevant. This can result in false positives. Table: 1 List of Stop words This class includes only one method; which runs through a list of words and removes all occurrences of words specified in a file. A text file, which specifies the stop words, is loaded into the program. This file is called â€Å"stop-words.txt† and is located at the home directory of the program. The text file can be edited such that it only contains the desired stop words. A representation of the stop words used in the text file can be found in table 1. After the list of stop words has been loaded, it is compared to the words in the given list. If a match is found the given word in the list is removed. A list, exposed from stop words, is then returned. Stemming Words with the same meaning appear in various morphological forms. To capture their similarity they are normalised into a common root-form, the stem. The morphology function provided with WordNet is used for stemming, because it only yields stems that are contained in the WordNet dictionary. This class contains five methods; one for converting a list of words into a string, two for stemming a list of words and two for handling the access to WordNet through the JWNL API[8]. The first method listToString() takes an ArrayList of strings and concatenate these into a string representation. The second method stringStemmer() takes an ArrayList of strings and iterates through each word, stemming these by calling the private method wordStemmer(). This method checks if the JWNL API has been loaded and starts stemming by looking up the lemma of a word in WordNet. Before this is done, each word starting with an uppercase letter is checked to see if it can be used as a noun. If the word can be used as a noun, it does not qualify for stemming and is returned in its original form. The lemma lookup is done by using a morphological processor, which is provided by WordNet. This morphs the word into its lemma, after which the word is checked for a match in the database of WordNet. This is done by running through all the specified POS databases defined in WordNet. If a match is found, the lemma of the word is returned, otherwise the original word is simply returned. Lastly, the methods allowing access to WordNet initializes the JWNL API and shuts it down, respectively. The initializer() method gets an instance of the dictionary files and loads the morphological processor. If this method is not called, the program is not able to access the WordNet files. The method close() closes the dictionary files and shuts down the JWNL API. This method is not used in the program, since it would not make sense to uninstall the dictionary once it has been installed. It would only increase the total execution time. It has been implemented for good measure, should it be needed. Stemming[5] is the process of reducing an inflected or derived word to its base form. In other words all morphological deviations of a word are reduced to the same form, which makes comparison easier. The stemmed word is not necessarily returned to its morphological root, but a mutual stem. The morphological deviations of a word have different suffixes, but in essence describe the same. These different variants can therefore be merged into a distinct representative form. Thus a comparison of stemmed words turns up a higher relation for equivalent words. In addition storing becomes more effective. Words like observes, observed, observation, observationally should all be reduced to a mutual stem such as observe. PROPOSED SYSTEM Reverse dictionaries approach can provide significantly higher quality. The proposed a set of methods for building and querying a reverse dictionary. Reverse dictionary system is based on the notion that a phrase that conceptually describes a word should resemble the word’s actual definition, if not matching the exact words, then at least conceptually similar. Consider, for example, the following concept phrase: â€Å"talks a lot, but without much substance.† Based on such a phrase, a reverse dictionary should return words such as â€Å"gabby,† â€Å"chatty,† and â€Å"garrulous.† Forward mapping (standard dictionary): Intuitively, a forward mapping designates all the senses for a particular word phrase. This is expressed in terms of a forward map set (FMS). The FMS of a (word) phrase W, designated by F(W) is the set of (sense) phrases {S1, S2, . . . Sn } such that for each Sj à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ F(Wi), (Wi à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Sj) à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ D. For example, suppose that the term â€Å"jovial† is associated with various meanings, including â€Å"showing high-spirited merriment† and â€Å"pertaining† to the god Jove, or Jupiter.† Here, F (jovial) would contain both of these phrases. Reverse mapping (reverse dictionary): Reverse mapping applies to terms and is expressed as a reverse map set (RMS). The RMS of t, denoted R(t), is a set of phrases { P1, P2, Pi,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, Pm}, such that à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pi à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ½ R(t), t à ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ½ F(Pi). Intuitively, the reverse map set of a term t consists of all the (word) phrases in whose definition t appears. The find candidate words phase consists of two key sub steps: 1) Build the RMS. 2) Query the RMS. A. COMPONENTS The first preprocessing step is to PoS tag the corpus. The PoS tagger relies on the text structure and morphological differences to determine the appropriate part-of-speech. For this reason, if it is required, PoS tagging is the first step to be carried out. After this, stopword removal is performed, followed by stemming. This order is chosen to reduce the amount of words to be stemmed. The stemmed words are then looked up in WordNet and their corresponding synonyms and hypernyms are added to the bag-of-words. Once the document vectors are completed in this way, the frequency of each word across the corpus can be counted and every word occurring less often than the pre specified threshold is pruned. Stemming, stopword removal and pruning all aim to improve clustering quality by removing noise, i.e. meaningless data. They all lead to a reduction in the number of dimensions in the term-space. Weighting is concerned with the estimation of the importance of individual terms. All of these have been used extensively and are considered the baseline for comparison in this work. However, the two techniques under investigation both add data to the representation. a PoS tagging adds syntactic information and WordNet is used to add synonyms and hypernyms. B. BUILDING REVERSE MAPPING SETS The input phrases sentence is split into words and then removes the stop words ( a, be, person, some, someone, too, very, who, the, in, of, and, to) if any appears, and find other words, which is having same meaning from the forward dictionary data sources. Given the large size of dictionaries, creating such mappings on the fly is infeasible. Thus, Procreate these Rs for every relevant term in the dictionary. This is a one time, offline event; once these mappings exist, we can use them for ongoing lookup. Thus, the cost of creating the corpus has no effect on runtime performance. For an input dictionary D, we create R mappings for all terms appearing in the sense phrases (definitions) in D. C. RMS QUERY This module responds to user input phrases. Upon receiving such an input phrase, we query the R indexes already present in the database to find candidate words whose definitions have any similarity to the input phrase. Upon receiving an input phrase U, we process U using a stepwise refinement approach. We start off by extracting the core terms from U, and searching for the candidate words (Ws) whose definitions contain these core terms exactly. (Note that we tune these terms slightly to increase the probability of generating Ws) If this first step does not generate a sufficient number of output Ws, defined by a tuneable input parameter ÃŽ ±, which represents the minimum number of word phrases needed to halt processing and return output. D. CANDIDATE WORD RANKING In this module sorts a set of output Ws in order of decreasing similarity to U, based on the semantic similarity. To build such a ranking, we need to be able to assign a similarity measure for each (S,U) pair, where U is the user input phrase and S is a definition for some W in the candidate word set O. Wn and Palmer’s Conceptual similarity, WUP Similarity between concepts a and b in a hierarchy, Here depth(lso(a,b)) is the global depth of the lowest super ordinate of a and b and len(a,b) is the length of the path between the nodes a and b in the hierarchy SOLUTION ARCHITECTURE We now describe our implementation architecture, with particular attention to design for scalability. The Reverse Dictionary Application (RDA) is a software module that takes a user phrase (U) as input, and returns a set of conceptually related words as output. Figure 1. Architecture of reverse dictionary. The user input phrase, split the word from the input phrase, perform the stemming. Predict every relevant term in the forward dictionary data source. In the generate query. input phrase, minimum and maximum output thresholds as input, then removal of level 1 stop words ( a, be, person, some, someone, too, very, who, the, in, of, and, to) and perform stemming, generate the query.Execute the query find the set of candidate words. Finally sort the result based on the semantic similarity EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENT Our experimental environment consisted of two 2.2 GHz dual-core CPU, 2 GB RAM servers running Windows XP pro and above. On one server, we installed our implementation our algorithms (written in Java). The other server housed is wordnet dictionary data. CONCLUSION We describe the many challenges inherent in building a reverse lexicon, and map drawback to the well-known abstract similarity problem. We tend to propose a collection of strategies for building and querying a reverse lexicon, and describe a collection of experiments that show the standard of our results, similarly because the runtime performance underneath load. Our experimental results show that our approach will give important enhancements in performance scale while not sacrificing answer quality. The higher quality input phrase to driven reverse dictionary. Unlike a traditional forward dictionary, which maps from words to their definitions, a reverse dictionary takes a user input phrase describing the desired concept, it reduce the well-known conceptual similarity problem. The set of methods building a reverse mapping querying a reverse dictionary and it produces the higher quality of results. This approach can provide significant improvements in performance scale without sacrificing solution quality but for larger query it is fairly slow. REFERENCES T. Dao and T. Simpson, â€Å"Measuring Similarity between Sentences,† 2009. http://opensvn.csie.org/WordNetDotNet/trunk/ Projects/ T. Hofmann, â€Å"Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing,† SIGIR ’99: Proc. 22nd Ann. Int’l ACM SIGIR Conf. Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 50-57, 1999. D. Lin, â€Å"An Information-Theoretic Definition of Similarity,† Proc .Int’l Conf. Machine Learning, 1998. M. Porter, â€Å"The Porter Stemming Algorithm,†http://tartarus.org/martin/PorterStemmer/ , 2009. G. Miller, C. Fellbaum, R. Tengi, P. Wakefield, and H. Langone, â€Å"Wordnet Lexical Database,† http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet/download/, 2009. P. Resnik, â€Å"Semantic Similarity in a Taxonomy: An Information-Based Measure and Its Application to Problems of Ambiguity in Natural Language,† J. Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 11, pp. 95- 130, 1999. AUTHORS PROFILE E Kamalanathan is pursuing his Master of Engineering (part time ) from Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SCSVMV University Enathur,

Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples -- Shakespearean Literatur

Othello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous play. Aristotle the famous philosopher outlined several requirements in which a play or piece of drama is to follow. The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered tragic hero, which every tragedy must contain. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be a man in a position of power who is a good person and makes a mistake during the timeline of the play due to a tragic flaw. Othello’s major flaw can be seen as jealousy: â€Å"Othello has often been described as a tragedy of character, as the play’s protagonist swiftly descends into a rage of jealousy that completely destroys his life†("Othello"). Othello is shown he is a good man within the first few scenes of the play: â€Å"She wished she had not heard it; yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man† (1.3.162-163). This line in Act I spoken by Othello, is an indication that he is a good person although it may appear that he has stolen Desdemona away from her father. Othello speaks that although he has taken Desdemona as his wife without Brabantio’s consent, he is a good person for stating his reasons for his actions as well as standing his ground. After Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, the conflict is started when Iago insinuates t... ... Works Cited Catherine Bates, "Weaving and Writing in Othello," in Shakespeare Survey, Vol. 46, edited by Stanley Wells, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 51–60. Dreher, Diane. "Shakespeare's Cordelia and the power of character." World and I Apr. 1998: 287+. Fine Arts and Music Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Newton, K.M. "Othello: Overview." Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. "Othello." Shakespeare for Students: Critical Interpretations of Shakespeare's Plays and Poetry. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 649-687. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Othello, the Moor of Venice. Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 368-455. Print. Othello, The Moor of Venice Essay examples -- Shakespearean Literatur Othello, the Moor of Venice is one of the major tragedies written by William Shakespeare that follows the main character, Othello through his trials and tribulations. Othello, the Moor of Venice is similar to William Shakespeare’s other tragedies and follows a set of specific rules of drama. The requirements include, following the definition of a tragedy, definition of tragic hero, containing a reversal of fortune, and a descent from happiness. William Shakespeare fulfills Aristotle’s requirements in this famous play. Aristotle the famous philosopher outlined several requirements in which a play or piece of drama is to follow. The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered tragic hero, which every tragedy must contain. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be a man in a position of power who is a good person and makes a mistake during the timeline of the play due to a tragic flaw. Othello’s major flaw can be seen as jealousy: â€Å"Othello has often been described as a tragedy of character, as the play’s protagonist swiftly descends into a rage of jealousy that completely destroys his life†("Othello"). Othello is shown he is a good man within the first few scenes of the play: â€Å"She wished she had not heard it; yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man† (1.3.162-163). This line in Act I spoken by Othello, is an indication that he is a good person although it may appear that he has stolen Desdemona away from her father. Othello speaks that although he has taken Desdemona as his wife without Brabantio’s consent, he is a good person for stating his reasons for his actions as well as standing his ground. After Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, the conflict is started when Iago insinuates t... ... Works Cited Catherine Bates, "Weaving and Writing in Othello," in Shakespeare Survey, Vol. 46, edited by Stanley Wells, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 51–60. Dreher, Diane. "Shakespeare's Cordelia and the power of character." World and I Apr. 1998: 287+. Fine Arts and Music Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Newton, K.M. "Othello: Overview." Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. "Othello." Shakespeare for Students: Critical Interpretations of Shakespeare's Plays and Poetry. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 649-687. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Othello, the Moor of Venice. Literature. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 368-455. Print.